Human interaction with digital ink : legibility measurement and structural analysis

Literature suggests that it is possible to design and implement pen-based computer interfaces that resemble the use of pen and paper. These interfaces appear to allow users freedom in expressing ideas and seem to be familiar and easy to use. Different ideas have been put forward concerning this type of interface, however despite the commonality of aims and problems faced, there does not appear to be a common approach to their design and implementation. This thesis aims to progress the development of pen-based computer interfaces that resemble the use of pen and paper. To do this, a conceptual model is proposed for interfaces that enable interaction with "digital ink". This conceptual model is used to organize and analyse the broad range of literature related to pen-based interfaces, and to identify topics that are not sufficiently addressed by published research. Two issues highlighted by the model: digital ink legibility and digital ink structuring, are then investigated. In the first investigation, methods are devised to objectively and subjectively measure the legibility of handwritten script. These methods are then piloted in experiments that vary the horizontal rendering resolution of handwritten script displayed on a computer screen. Script legibility is shown to decrease with rendering resolution, after it drops below a threshold value. In the second investigation, the clustering of digital ink strokes into words is addressed. A method of rating the accuracy of clustering algorithms is proposed: the percentage of words spoiled. The clustering error rate is found to vary among different writers, for a clustering algorithm using the geometric features of both ink strokes, and the gaps between them. The work contributes a conceptual interface model, methods of measuring digital ink legibility, and techniques for investigating stroke clustering features, to the field of digital ink interaction research

People like us: gentrification and the service class in Hackney in the 1980s

This is a study of service-class residents in Hackney, an inner London borough situated directly to the north of the City of London. The main focus of the study is on why these people chose to live in Hackney in the first place, why they have stayed and what influence living in Hackney has had on their social and political attitudes. Chapters two to four are concerned with debates about the structure and class formation of the service-class, whether it is one class or many, what (if any) are its political allegiances, and the relationship between the service-class and gentrification. Chapter five considers the changes which have taken place in London and Hackney over the last fifteen years. Chapter six introduces the empirical basis for this discussion: a survey of 245 largely service-class recent homebuyers in two areas of Hackney. Chapters seven to nine present these findings which show that the respondents are representative of a distinct, and elite, sub-group of the service class, in terms of their family background, their income and occupation and in their social and political attitudes. Whilst many respondents initially came to Hackney because of its cheap housing and central location, their reasons for staying have more to do with the cultural significance of living in inner London. This, in turn, has had important consequences for their social, cultural and political behaviour. The concluding chapter suggests that there are 'locality effects' observable in the behaviour and attitudes of service-class residents in Hackney which are reasons for living in inner London and consequences of living there. There are also significant differences between the two areas studied which may have implications for the internal formation of the service-class even within a spatially delimited area, such as inner London

Maximum Score Estimates of the Determinants of Residential Mobility: Implications for the Value of Residential Attachment and Neighborhood Amenities

This paper examines the determinants of the decision of low-income renters to move out of their current dwelling. Maximum score estimation is shown to be superior to ordinary discrete choice estimation techniques (probit, logit) for this problem, and for similar discrete choices that require revering a previously optimal decision. The estimation reveals psychological costs from moving for typical low income renters of at least 8% of their income ; these costs are even higher for older, longer tenure, or minority households. Policies that displace low income renters will have large social costs. In addition, the estimation results are used to calculate implicit household willingness to pay (WTP) for neighborhood amenities. This WTP based on mobility behavior is much greater than WTP estimates derived using hedonic methods, and is argued to be more accurate

Oscillation frequencies and mode lifetimes in alpha Centauri A

We analyse our recently-published velocity measurements of alpha Cen A (Butler et al. 2004). After adjusting the weights on a night-by-night basis in order to optimize the window function to minimize sidelobes, we extract 42 oscillation frequencies with l=0 to 3 and measure the large and small frequency separations. We give fitted relations to these frequencies that can be compared with theoretical models and conclude that the observed scatter about these fits is due to the finite lifetimes of the oscillation modes. We estimate the mode lifetimes to be 1-2 d, substantially shorter than in the Sun.Comment: Accepted by Ap

Two-Photon Accessed Excited State Absorption in bis(terpyridyl Osmium)-(Porphinato)Zinc

Two-photon absorption properties of a (terpyridyl)osmium-(porphinato)zinc (OsPZnOs) are studied in bulk and waveguides. Integration of OsPZnOs (d\u3e1300GM) in waveguides showed enhanced nonlinear performance and potential for photonic applications

Near IR Nonlinear Optics of an Organic Supermolecule

Two-photon accessed excited state absorption is shown to be an important mechanism in the near-IR nonlinear response of an organic supermolecule. This mechanism also provides an enhanced nonlinear absorption in an optical waveguide configuration

The Grizzly, October 12, 1984

Students and Administrators Disagree on Effectiveness of Existing Alcohol Policies • Former Economics Chairman Now ACE Fellow • Twisted Sister and the State of Modern Youth Dissidence • News of Yesteryear: War Brings Feminine Touch to Freeland Hall • UC Welcomes Three Foreign Students • Gridders Handle Hopkins • Off-Campus Entertainment: Pulsations! • Shorts: Ferguson Concert; Thurber Carnival; Trivia-thon Scheduled • New Faculty: Math Welcomes Shaw • Some Keystone Factshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1124/thumbnail.jp

Results From a Survey of American Geriatrics Society Members’ Views on Physician‐Assisted Suicide

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152741/1/jgs16245_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152741/2/jgs16245-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152741/3/jgs16245.pd

Solar-like oscillations in the G2 subgiant beta Hydri from dual-site observations

We have observed oscillations in the nearby G2 subgiant star beta Hyi using high-precision velocity observations obtained over more than a week with the HARPS and UCLES spectrographs. The oscillation frequencies show a regular comb structure, as expected for solar-like oscillations, but with several l=1 modes being strongly affected by avoided crossings. The data, combined with those we obtained five years earlier, allow us to identify 28 oscillation modes. By scaling the large frequency separation from the Sun, we measure the mean density of beta Hyi to an accuracy of 0.6%. The amplitudes of the oscillations are about 2.5 times solar and the mode lifetime is 2.3 d. A detailed comparison of the mixed l=1 modes with theoretical models should allow a precise estimate of the age of the star.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted by ApJ. Fixed minor typo (ref to Fig 14

The Grizzly, March 23, 1984

Assault Attempt on Ursinus Female • Speaker Gives Business Pointers • Forced Bussing in Wismer • New Course for Comm Arts Minor • Letters to the Editor • 1984 Fraternity Pledging Ends • New Fine Arts Course Planned for Fall • In my Opinion: Pledging Should be Banned • Meistersingers Give Return Performance • UC Sponsors Science Competition • Dr. Clouser Delivers Goethe Lecture • Lift-A-Thon Raises Funds for New Equipment • Bear Blades Remain Undefeated • Housing Changes Imminent • Orchestra Presents Bach Festival • Aquabears Conclude Best Season Ever • Batsmen Victorious in Opener • Men\u27s Lacrosse Optimistic • Track Team Looking Solidhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1115/thumbnail.jp